Culture debasing Essay

The mass media is constantly around us, through newspapers and magazines, the internet, television and film etc. these are used by us everyday in our spare time and academic work. So are we influenced by this form of secondary socialisation in our lives to create a ‘mass culture’? And does this ‘mass culture’ debase ‘ordinary culture’? In this essay I will use secondary research and my own opinion to answer this question. The media itself plays a big part in creating images through the way they report and advertise consumer products and moral panics. I feel that the type of media presentation demonstrated influences different subcultures into believing that what they are seeing is true, hence the change in their attitudes to different topics, music and fashion. Especially young people today can be nai ve and believe everything they see or hear on television or the internet, which could cause primary socialisation to change for the children, because of these views. This ‘mass culture’, I believe could destroy and make an ‘ordinary culture’ into extinction through too much influence of â€Å"babble† and consumer products on television. Although you could ask what is ordinary and normal? Normal does not have a clear definition; as no one is completely normal, but ordinary seems to be defined as routine or customary, so an ‘ordinary culture’ is considered the norm way of living. So what is mass culture? An extra- ordinary way people live, or is it a negative perception of some people’s choice of life? By using the textbook ‘seventh edition Sociology Themes and Perspectives’. I found that the â€Å"development of the media was debasing the culture of ordinary people, which could cause problems for western societies†. This comment could back up my opinion of a negative effect of media through a mass culture which could destroy the traditional thoughts and practices of western life. Dwight Macdonald had a theory about mass culture. He claimed that mass culture was very different from high culture and folk art. He states that mass culture is standardized and a commercial kitsch (popular culture which could be considered worthless) used by business to create a profit. This shows that Macdonald as well as I believe that mass culture is â€Å"kitsch†- worthless babble used to sell products, which also influences or â€Å"brainwashes† people into believing that anything merchandised is right or â€Å"sick† as teenagers of today say. Dwight also stated that mass culture takes ‘less mental effort’ and that it ‘tended to undermine high culture’. So basically he is saying that mass culture is maybe for a different class of person.

Relationship between Private and Public Sector Economies

Public sector affects the private sector in such a way that the government can impede to the abusing powers of the private sector or provide guidance to the private sector to gain stability depending on the condition which both sector is situated. The welfare of the consumers and the entire society is the priority of the government; therefore, government policies can either support the private sector or the other way around.Public sector arises if the private sector abuses their market power in the economy. Like for instance, companies that have patent rights over a certain type of medicine or drug have the tendency to over price their products thereby creating much burden on the consumers especially those that are considered poor and less privilege. If this scenario happens, then, this is the right time when the government can step in and restrict the said concerned company through certain market barriers like government policies such as price ceiling/floor price to restrict the inc rease of prices in the market.Furthermore, the government could also produce generic drugs in the market, with same medical effect but of cheaper price for the poor and less privilege people. With this, the government is able to fulfill their role as the provider of basic needs of every citizen such as medical accessibility plus restricting the private company from overcharging the consumers for their products. It is now therefore clear that public sector only rises whenever the private sector cannot produce a certain product efficiently or the private sector already abuses their power and causes much burden on the consumers in the market.On the other hand, private sector rises whenever the government inefficiently produces a certain type of good or services or has the possibility that government officials only abuses their power while holding a government-owned company (adbi.org, 2008). One great example into this would be the production of electricity in the domestic market. Most countries give this industry to the private sector since the government only acquires tremendous amount of financial losses contributing to the budget deficit of the government. In this regard, the government already gives way for the private sector to step in. for as long as the private sector can reasonable operates in the market, then, there is no room for the government to intervene giving way for the rise of public sector.The private sector also provides income to the government and this is the most reason why government allows private sector to dominate the production of goods and services in the market (Adb.org, 2006). On the other hand, private sector gets benefits from the public sector in the form of government subsidies and other helpful policies like lower tax rate from operating the market. At the end of the day, public and private sector have a mutual relationship with one another since both of them benefits from simultaneously existing in the economy.Public sector bas ically encompasses all the goods and services that are provided by the government (Cox, 2005). Like what is mentioned above earlier, the provision of generic drugs or medicine is already considered as one of the public sector since it is being provided by the government and this is one of the main component of the public sector- goods and services under this sector is being provided by the government. Another example of this would be the national defense, social security and the urban planning administration.On the other hand, private sector is primarily being comprised by goods and services that are made in the purpose of making profit in the market. Companies in this sector are profit driven and only motivated to produce goods and services in the market not because of charity and social service rather to make earnings. This what makes the private sector different from the public sector – their purpose for providing a given product or service in the domestic market (Sasagawa , 2008).In the end, despite of the difference on the intentions of the private and public sector, they still able to work effectively by providing harmony in the market towards the attainment of impressive economic growth for the country.Political policies for the public sector would be very much different for that of the private sector since these two sectors have different reason from existing in the market. Most of the policies concerning the public sector concentrate on the influence of the government over the management of the production of goods and services under this sector (uni-koblenz.de, 2008). In other words, the government has the entire power to interfere in the operation of a company/organization operating under the public sector like the wage rate of the workers in the public sector. Most of the times, policies in this sectors concentrates on the minimization of cost of providing services and/or goods to the public since public sector’s companies get their bud get from the government. In other words, the government, as much as possible, controls the management of the public sectors in order to see that they provide the highest possible quality of product and services in the market and at the same time minimizing the cost of their provision of goods and services as much as possible.On the other hand, political policies for the private sector focuses mainly on the restrictions that the government will impose the private entities especially if the latter already abuses their market power. Furthermore, the government could also implement political policies such as high tax for private entities in order for the government to generate more revenue. Import/export quota are also some of the government policies that directly affects the level of operation and production of a given private company in the market. Nevertheless, there are some policies that both sectors can be addressed like the policy on the increasing the minimum wage rate of the wo rkers in the labor market. Only the policies concerning the factors of production are the only time wherein both sectors will be affected by one political policy like the increasing of wage rate of workers in the labor market.ReferencesAdb.org (2006). Private Sector Development. Retrieved May 2, 2008, from www.adb.org/documents/policies/private_sector/PSD-strategic-framework-2006.pdfadbi.org (2008). The Growing Role of Private Sector. Retrieved May 2, 2008, from http://www.adbi.org/book/2004/10/07/602.private.sector.prc/the.growing.role.of.private.sector/Cox, M. (2005). The Public Sector Components that Promote Sustainable Development and Construction. Retrieved May 2, 2008, from www.cce.ufl.edu/the%20public%20sector%20components%20that%20promote%20sustainable%20development%20&%2Sasagawa, T. (2008). The Relationship between the Public and Private Sectors in 20th Century in Japan. Retrieved May 2, 2008, from www.ua.es/es/internacional/eisenhower/SASAGAWA.pdfUni-koblenz.de (2008). Gov ernance of the Public-Private-Civic Sector Relationships. Retrieved May 2, 2008, from http://www.uni-koblenz.de/FB4/Contrib/EGOVRTD2020/navigation/work_packages/wp4_roadmapping/ppcrelations

Business Regulation Law

When an organization do not comply with the state and federal regulation the company can face fines or become caught up in major litigation, costing the company major expenses. In this memo I will identify common tort and risk found in the organization of Alumina, and describe different measures to manage risk. Some common torts found at Alumina are negligence, defamation/slander/libel, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), and strict liability is tort liabilities uncovered. Alumina Violation Alumina is an aluminum maker base in the United States and has operation in eight countries. The aluminum maker is on Lake Dira in the state of Erehwon. Alumina is under the jurisdiction of region six under the Environmental Protection Agency. A few years ago Alumina was found in violation with the Environmental Protection Agency for environmental discharge norms in an Environmental Protection Agency compliance evaluation. The PAH levels were above prescribe limits. Alumina was order to clean up the problem in which they complied too quickly. Because of this incident Alumina has maintain a good compliance record. Recently a resident name Kelly Bates claims that Alumina continuous contamination of Lake Dira with pollutants. Bates threatens to file a suit against the company for punitive damages and recovery damages. She believes that the incident that occurred several years ago is the cause of her daughter’s leukemia. Tort Liability A tort is a â€Å"civil wrong that is an interference with someone’s person or property such that an injury results† (Jennings, 2006, p. 367). Torts can be categorized as intentional torts, torts of negligence, and strict liability torts. Intentional torts are those that result in a harm not accidental. Torts of negligence are accidental harms that result from a failure to act appropriately in a given situation. Strict liability torts assign absolute liability and offer very few defenses. Defamation of Character A company or a person reputation is a valuable asset. The tort of defamation of character requires that a plaintiff prove that: the defendant made an untrue statement about the plaintiff or the statement was intentionally published by a third party (Cheeseman, 2010). Written False statements are referred to as libel and verbal statement are referred to as slander. Bates made a libel statement in the newspaper about Alumina and the violation that occurred years ago. This defamation can have a negative effect on the company. Alumina can lose business with a bad reputation and once the reputation has gone sour it is hard to reclaim the good name. Freedom of Information Act A local news reporter and Kelly Bates approached the EPA to obtain environmental audit reports that documented Alumina violation of the Clean Water Act. Bates requested the documents under the Freedom of Information Act; this act was enacted in Congress in 1966 to the American public great access to the Federal Government records (Federal Communication Commission, 2010) . The Company chooses to release partial audit information from the violation from years ago. Alumina has the right to withhold informational this qualifies under the Confidential Business Information, which is available under exemption four of the Freedom of information Act. Strict liability Negligence and Strict liability Negligence, the most common tort, is explained as conduct that falls below standards of behavior established by the law for the protection others against unreasonable risk harm (Cheeseman, 2010). In this case of negligence Bates must prove that Alumina had a duty to keep the PAH levels contained. In a case Alumina breaches that duty by not staying in compliance with the EPA regulation several years ago. Bates assumes that the consumption of the water cause the harm of her daughter to have leukemia. In response Alumina chose to conduct an independent site study for new violations. The reports come back good the PAH levels were well below the standard. After releasing a partial audit report Bates has threaten to file a lawsuit against Alumina of personal injury to recover compensation and punitive damages. Alumina negligent conduct of â€Å"serious violation of environmental laws five years ago is the cause of her daughter leukemia,† alleged by Bates (Business Regulations Simulation, 2010). The best resolution for this situation is mediation by a neutral third party, by choosing this options Alumina can provide Bates with a confidential settlement. The settlement includes that Alumina provides Bates with reimbursement of medical expenses for her daughter treatment a lump sum for future treatments and a college fund set aside if her daughters recovers from the leukemia (Business Regulations Simulation, 2010). Although tort liability is founded on intended harm strict liability is attached even though the defendant has been reasonable. In the Article titled â€Å" The American Influence on Canadian Tort Law† author Allen M. Linden states â€Å" One person may be require to compensate another for injury or damages even though the loss was neither intentionally or negligently inflicted. If Alumina had taken the case to court, the company would have been in a long litigation process costing the company thousands and even millions of dollar. The mediation process is half the cost of a court trial and there is no guarantee that the jury would agree with Alumina even though the company may have had proof that the allegation against the company was false. The jury tends to side with the victims. Preventative, Detective, and Corrective Measures In an organization it will be hard to prevent allegation against the company, but the company needs to prepare for such issues when they arise. A preventative plan should be put into place. The company should make it a priority that the employees of the company aware of the rules and regulations of the state and federal laws. The company should be aware of the competitors who have violated any government regulations and improve their process so that the company will not violate the same regulations as the competition. Health risk that may be exposes to the staff, customers, and other should be included in the document also. Conclusion Alumina has to abide by state and federal rules these laws are in place to improve environmental safety. The agency that regulates Alumina was the Environmental Protection Agency this agency enforces environmental laws. Alumina has to be aware and comply with the state and federal regulations at all-time or it can affect the business a great deal. Maintaining a positive image in the community is also important when a crisis occurs the support of the community can be a big help in determine issues. The decision mage by Alumina were wise, the company took the right approach to maintain its good name in the community and the competitive market and save cost on litigation. Business Regulation Law When an organization do not comply with the state and federal regulation the company can face fines or become caught up in major litigation, costing the company major expenses. In this memo I will identify common tort and risk found in the organization of Alumina, and describe different measures to manage risk. Some common torts found at Alumina are negligence, defamation/slander/libel, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), and strict liability is tort liabilities uncovered. Alumina Violation Alumina is an aluminum maker base in the United States and has operation in eight countries. The aluminum maker is on Lake Dira in the state of Erehwon. Alumina is under the jurisdiction of region six under the Environmental Protection Agency. A few years ago Alumina was found in violation with the Environmental Protection Agency for environmental discharge norms in an Environmental Protection Agency compliance evaluation. The PAH levels were above prescribe limits. Alumina was order to clean up the problem in which they complied too quickly. Because of this incident Alumina has maintain a good compliance record. Recently a resident name Kelly Bates claims that Alumina continuous contamination of Lake Dira with pollutants. Bates threatens to file a suit against the company for punitive damages and recovery damages. She believes that the incident that occurred several years ago is the cause of her daughter’s leukemia. Tort Liability A tort is a â€Å"civil wrong that is an interference with someone’s person or property such that an injury results† (Jennings, 2006, p. 367). Torts can be categorized as intentional torts, torts of negligence, and strict liability torts. Intentional torts are those that result in a harm not accidental. Torts of negligence are accidental harms that result from a failure to act appropriately in a given situation. Strict liability torts assign absolute liability and offer very few defenses. Defamation of Character A company or a person reputation is a valuable asset. The tort of defamation of character requires that a plaintiff prove that: the defendant made an untrue statement about the plaintiff or the statement was intentionally published by a third party (Cheeseman, 2010). Written False statements are referred to as libel and verbal statement are referred to as slander. Bates made a libel statement in the newspaper about Alumina and the violation that occurred years ago. This defamation can have a negative effect on the company. Alumina can lose business with a bad reputation and once the reputation has gone sour it is hard to reclaim the good name. Freedom of Information Act A local news reporter and Kelly Bates approached the EPA to obtain environmental audit reports that documented Alumina violation of the Clean Water Act. Bates requested the documents under the Freedom of Information Act; this act was enacted in Congress in 1966 to the American public great access to the Federal Government records (Federal Communication Commission, 2010) . The Company chooses to release partial audit information from the violation from years ago. Alumina has the right to withhold informational this qualifies under the Confidential Business Information, which is available under exemption four of the Freedom of information Act. Strict liability Negligence and Strict liability Negligence, the most common tort, is explained as conduct that falls below standards of behavior established by the law for the protection others against unreasonable risk harm (Cheeseman, 2010). In this case of negligence Bates must prove that Alumina had a duty to keep the PAH levels contained. In a case Alumina breaches that duty by not staying in compliance with the EPA regulation several years ago. Bates assumes that the consumption of the water cause the harm of her daughter to have leukemia. In response Alumina chose to conduct an independent site study for new violations. The reports come back good the PAH levels were well below the standard. After releasing a partial audit report Bates has threaten to file a lawsuit against Alumina of personal injury to recover compensation and punitive damages. Alumina negligent conduct of â€Å"serious violation of environmental laws five years ago is the cause of her daughter leukemia,† alleged by Bates (Business Regulations Simulation, 2010). The best resolution for this situation is mediation by a neutral third party, by choosing this options Alumina can provide Bates with a confidential settlement. The settlement includes that Alumina provides Bates with reimbursement of medical expenses for her daughter treatment a lump sum for future treatments and a college fund set aside if her daughters recovers from the leukemia (Business Regulations Simulation, 2010). Although tort liability is founded on intended harm strict liability is attached even though the defendant has been reasonable. In the Article titled â€Å" The American Influence on Canadian Tort Law† author Allen M. Linden states â€Å" One person may be require to compensate another for injury or damages even though the loss was neither intentionally or negligently inflicted. If Alumina had taken the case to court, the company would have been in a long litigation process costing the company thousands and even millions of dollar. The mediation process is half the cost of a court trial and there is no guarantee that the jury would agree with Alumina even though the company may have had proof that the allegation against the company was false. The jury tends to side with the victims. Preventative, Detective, and Corrective Measures In an organization it will be hard to prevent allegation against the company, but the company needs to prepare for such issues when they arise. A preventative plan should be put into place. The company should make it a priority that the employees of the company aware of the rules and regulations of the state and federal laws. The company should be aware of the competitors who have violated any government regulations and improve their process so that the company will not violate the same regulations as the competition. Health risk that may be exposes to the staff, customers, and other should be included in the document also. Conclusion Alumina has to abide by state and federal rules these laws are in place to improve environmental safety. The agency that regulates Alumina was the Environmental Protection Agency this agency enforces environmental laws. Alumina has to be aware and comply with the state and federal regulations at all-time or it can affect the business a great deal. Maintaining a positive image in the community is also important when a crisis occurs the support of the community can be a big help in determine issues. The decision mage by Alumina were wise, the company took the right approach to maintain its good name in the community and the competitive market and save cost on litigation.

Bioethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Bioethics - Essay Example The core point is that human life is a primary value in itself and that must be protected at all times. The basis of this reasoning can be derived from diverse grounds that include religion and ethics. Existence of human life is not a making of any other human being and this outrightly fails to justify artificial intervention meant to eliminate life (Paterson 44). The uniqueness that constitute each individual’s life makes it difficult to assign value and this means that no circumstance justify interference with human existence whether unborn, unconscious, sick or physically deformed. Use of concepts like relativism, skepticism, consequentialism, and utilitarianism tend to leave moral loopholes which at some point still lead to messing up with individual rights to life. The religious premise emphasizes the sanctity of life and that means the only moral duty assigned to humanity is to protect the life unless supernatural circumstances effects death or any form of infringement into the right to life(Paterson 57). Ethics has to do with doing what one would wish to be done against him. In regard to the Kant theory, the right thing is to give way to ones right to life irrespective of any utilitarian prospect and this sums up to stand for absolute respect of human

Organized Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Organized Crime - Essay Example orite areas of organized crime syndicates involve illegal drugs, gun running, and modern human slavery or in human trafficking for prostitution, drug mules, and donor organs. The current event news story discussed in this brief paper appeared in the Wall Street Journal written by Sean Gardiner dated last February 11, 2014 entitled â€Å"Arrests in New York and Italy on Gun, Drug Trafficking.† Criminal organizations find it favorable for their own highly-secretive operations to combine the sale and transport of illegal drugs with running for guns because these two contraband items are closely related; shipping illegal drugs across the international borders required a good arsenal to fight off police authorities after them. In the aforementioned news article, law enforcement authorities finally acted after two years to arrest about two dozen people involved in an international drug-dealing conspiracy. Seven men were arrested in Brooklyn, New York City by agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and another seventeen men were also arrested in Calabria, Italy by Italian National Police agents (Gardiner para. 3). The arrested men are reputedly members of a new crime syndicate, the Italian-American Mafia, patterned after the earlier Sicilian Mafia. Evaluation – criminals engage in illegal activities because of the high profits provided by such type of activities. In the said news article, the arrested men tried to engage in traffic of narcotics combined with money laundering, kidnapping, and extortion. This is an alarming development because organized crime syndicates always try to establish new criminal links to their own group to further their objectives and achieve them much more easily as compared to going it alone. This type of criminal connections present a more difficult task for authorities to monitor because it crosses national boundaries and involve issues of sovereignty. However, a good working relationship with counterparts in other countries

Leadership and Change in Construction Industry Coursework

Leadership and Change in Construction Industry - Coursework Example Some of these challenges are sector-specific. In the housebuilding sector, there is a shortage of housing, and this is unlikely to ease in the short term, unless planning regulations are relaxed and a substantial affordable-housing programme makes an impact: high house prices exclude many prospective first-time buyers from the housing market. The infrastructure subsectors have experienced a decline in work, much of which is due to delayed programmes in, for example, transport. The industrial construction sector has experienced a growth in warehouse construction work, but the factory sector is likely to remain subdued as the UK loses manufacturing jobs to cheaper manufacturing centres overseas. Commercial construction work benefits from major Private Finance Initiative (PFI) programmes in education and health, although some of these have been delayed. Output from office construction is particularly important in the commercial sector, while work in the retail subsector faces increasing planning restrictions. In the building materials subsector, there are challenges relating to rising energy costs and environmental issues, such as sustainable material sources, disposal of waste and recycling. New materials are being investigated to accommodate improved environmental features; for example, reducing heat loss and simplifying construction methods (UK Construction Industry Market Review, 2006). These major developments in the UK's construction industry highlight importance of the human resource issues to be faced by the managers within this sector of economy. Attracting skilled labour and career oriented employees (especially considering the growing share of part-time and causal job in the sector), retaining such employees in order to build bench strength required for succession planning, providing advanced training are only the most evident tasks to be fulfilled by the companies within the construction industry in the long-term perspective. Therefore, strong and effective leadership is a critical aspect of human resources related activities required to manage the recent challenges. Leadership in the modern highly dynamic and turbulent marketplace is not restricted to simply getting the employees to do what the leader wants and requires them to do. The key task of a modern leader in the construction industry is to bring out the very best of the employees' potential and help them focus their energies to reach a common set of goals. Therefore, some authors believe

Campaign Rhetoric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Campaign Rhetoric - Essay Example By use of information technology, a click of a button has been enough for a marketer to reach enormous number of customers. Technology has given millions of people instant access of information. Marketers trying to get their products into the public eyes have actively used this fact. While the internet allows large dissemination of advertising, other technologies such as wired magazine has even made it easier for technology enthusiasts to access online information by just subscribing to wired magazine that is a new site for online information in a printed form. The issue of technology has changed the marketing of products. Buying and selling has been boosted by technology since it has become more convenient something that has attracted most people to rely on technology hence becoming technology enthusiasts forming often readily available cloud service for the sellers of high-tech products. Sellers such as Motorola company has been in the forefront on the use of wired magazine to promote the market of motor X since it was introduced in the market in August this year. Motorola has used wired magazine to back up the phone advertisement with a straightforward campaign including national TV commercial, print ads, online display units and stunts like getting it in the hands of models on fashion. Wired magazine has made it possible for motor X customers to access clear images of the phone in colors while marketers have been able to respond quickly to the marketplaces. For example, different markets can be targeted with differently themed promotions using digital technology without the prohibitive costs associated with traditional print technology. A wired magazine advertisement using graphic design software sent via email enable technology enthusiasts distinguish products from different marketers through the pictures bringing new experience to technology fans. Establishment of advertisement through

Corporate Social Responsibility and the US Economy Research Paper

Corporate Social Responsibility and the US Economy - Research Paper Example The moral minimum anticipates being part of the customary business practice and the forces restraints on the high-powered managers of companies (Cornelissen, 2004). The biggest environmental challenge that is facing most industries is development of an account on the environmental responsibilities widely but within the moral minimum to motivate most business compliances. Therefore, this becomes the accepted way of increasing profits in an accepted manner. In US, most companies assimilate corporate social responsibilities as their marketing strategies. In this regard, consumers may decide to purchase the products with reasons that they are supporting the social causes. Due to this, there is heightened financial performance aimed at the corporation through huge consumer profits. In addition, numerous companies have tried to establish social responsible corporate images. Through such techniques, consumers are involved either directly or indirectly in supporting the causes. Furthermore, there exists a superior model for sustaining development, which posits that businesses have the moral responsibilities to ensure that the activities are ecologically sustainable. Through this theory, the moral minimum should include ecologically sustainable perspectives. This seeks to reunite the natural ecological laws and the moral limits placed on the business activities (Adams, 2002). Businesses recycle the resources in appropriate rates and later compensate the ecosystem due to the losses that the productive capacity posses on its activity. Therefore, this knowledge on social environment perspectives is vital in the management of corporations. Case studies The Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company... According to the research findings corporations like the Home Depot and the Minnesota Company has the responsibilities and duties to remain more significant in terms of environmental and social responsibilities in enhancing the financial performance. The company makes huge profits in participating and promoting the conservation of the environment. If all the resources involved in production are used and destroyed then the future success of the company is not feasible. Thus, the two companies promote environment and social responsibilities. They are partaking to better the natural environment through recycling some of the products and conserving the natural environment. These two companies have been prospects in preserving the environment basing on the social perspectives to act as recommendation for all our companies. Therefore, the companies should focus on the ways and methods of improving the manufacturing process to reduce all forms of pollution. Companies should also play activ e roles in the society and further sponsoring the communal projects to better the community. Through this, the companies will thrive both financially and advocate for our social well being in the society. The use of available natural resources in the U.S economy has been set in accordance to the satisfaction of the current living standards. Nevertheless, the environmental impacts on the global business have caused increased surveillance of United State corporations.

Tax Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tax Reform - Essay Example The Bush tax cuts have not proven to be good for our economy. Although, we had a budget surplus our government jumped the gun with the tax cuts. These tax cuts will decrease the surplus extremely quickly and this money should be going towards most of the governmental run programs that usually are geared toward the moderate to low income people. Bush did not anticipate any future events that could lead us right back into a budget deficit and this has become the biggest problem our economy is facing today. Taxes are necessary for the administration and funding of governmental organizations, as well as construction and universal infrastructure services. Taxation presents positive and negative characteristics within an economic system. As history presents, most taxes have been geared toward the middle to lower classes with the upper classes receiving many tax breaks. With tax cuts for corporations, estates and the top one percent of high incomes all the little people will be left out in the cold. By demolishing the entire budget surplus, government programs, such as social security, will be neglected once the baby boomers begin retiring (Friedman, et al May, 2001, p 1). As Mark Breslow states, "The corporate income tax, which is relatively progressive, has been replaced by taxes that are a particular burden on people with moderate and low incomes. The cut of the alternative minimum tax has done nothing to help put money where it is needed, in the moderate to low income pockets. These people would definitely help stimulate the economy to help get us out of the recession we are falling into. John Miller points out, "that only two percent of estates are actually taxed and even the well off have little to worry about (Miller 2001 p 59.)." This still does not help the situation with the moderate to low income taxpayers. This group is being over taxed because they can never make enough money to meet the upper one percent of income that would be a benefit to them. This group also does not participate in the decision which does not help their situation. Robert S. McIntyre argues that, "The individual tax changes, which includes a ten percent decrease in capital gains taxes, are sharply tilted towards the wealthy (McIntyre, 2001 p. 1)." According to Joel Friedman, "some fifty-five percent of the stimulus package benefits are going to the wealthiest one percent of taxpayers (Friedman, et al November 2001 p. 1). This is very discouraging but it seems that if the people really cared about or was fully informed of the results of these tax cuts there would be severe rallying in the streets. Bush's tax cut, or stimulus package, has only been geared toward the upper class and this class has a very low marginal

Efficient Market Hypothesis and Market Behaviour Essay

Efficient Market Hypothesis and Market Behaviour - Essay Example In fact, market prices are frequently nonsensical† (Warren 1984, p17). This statement was made by Warren Buffett in reference to security prices and how they cannot be determined by individuals. To Buffett, market prices often do not make sense, and therefore he argues that financial experts should not dwell on the stocks themselves, but on stock pickers and investors who frequently determine market indices. However, the Efficient Market Hypothesis offers a totally contrasting view to the issue of market indices. The Efficient Market Hypothesis is a financial theory that affirms that it is not possible to ‘beat the market’ since financial markets are believed to be infomationally efficient. In other words, the theory asserts that efficiency in the stock market normally leads to a clear reflection of relevant information on the existing share prices. According to the EMH theory, stocks will normally trade at their fair value on the market, which would make it imposs ible for traders to buy undervalued stocks or sell them at inflated prices.  As such, it would not be possible to do better than the overall market through market timing or even professional stock selection. If an investor wants to obtain higher returns he would have to purchase riskier investments. Believers of the efficient market hypothesis argue that there is no need to look for undervalued stocks or try and predict trends in the stock market through technical or fundamental analysis. Tenets of Efficient Market Hypothesis EMH was a financial theory developed by Eugene Fama in the 1960s. In his 1965 paper, Fama noted that â€Å"on the average, competition will cause the full effects of new information on intrinsic values to be reflected instantaneously in actual prices† (Fama 1970, p386) According to the efficient market hypothesis, when one buys and sells securities, they are not using skill, rather, they are â€Å"engaging in a game of chance†. EMH was widely ac cepted until behavioural finances became mainstream in the 1990s according to Hebner (2007). There are different aspects of what should constitute an efficient market and it all depends on the kind of information that is available (Desai 2011). These aspects are grouped into the three forms of the efficient market hypothesis: the weak form, the semi-strong form and the strong form (Fama 1970). The Forms of Efficient Markets The weak form of EMH asserts that historical market prices and data or information are reflected fully in securities prices (Fama 1970). This implies that technical analysis is not useful at all. Analyzing prices from the past according to this form cannot be used to predict future prices. This means that investment strategies that are based on past share prices and data cannot be used to earn excess returns in the long run (Jung and Shiller 2005). What this implies is that if stock prices are random, then it is not possible to use past prices to foretell future ones. In the weak form of efficient markets, information arrives randomly, thereby making stock price changes to occur randomly. Most financial research supports the view that financial markets are weak. The semi-strong form of efficient markets asserts that securities prices reflect any publicly available information as well as future expectations (Fama 1970). If this is the case, then

The Story of Amy Tan Essay Example for Free

The Story of Amy Tan Essay The story about Amy Tans mothers effort to converse in effective English with people in spite of her broken or fractured English is in fact very common. I think many immigrants face this problem. As they come from a different background their way of thinking results into different Englishes. America has the most number of Englishes of the world as you can find people from all over the world here. I have seen people who dont take other people seriously who speak Broken English or in a certain accent. People use different Englishes everywhere; Spanish people have Spanglish, which is a combination of Spanish and English, Indian people have Hinglish, which is combination of English with Hindi the native language of India and so on. English is a universal language it is spoken slightly different everywhere which causes people to have a tint of background in their English. Why shouldnt people have their own tint of background in their English? People from different countries have different culture, way of thinking and even accents which adds the tint of background in their English. There is no doubt English is going to be spoken differently around the world. English is not only spoken but also written in some cases differently around the world. Such as the word Color Asians and British would spell it as Colour. As a matter of fact, even the MS Word Spell Check has it highlighted it as this is an American Software and Americans dont spell it like that. The word Schedule is pronounced as Sheadule. If everyone was speaking the same English there wouldnt be any difference if you are from England, China or any other part of the world. Everyone would sound the same and would have the same ideology. The diversity in English is in fact a good thing it shows ones cultural background and adds uniqueness to every country. So its fine to have tint of background in your English. These tints in English develop different accents all over the world. Not only all over the world but also in America. There are different accents such as the people from Southern states have different accent than people from the Northern. Not matter the accent English is still communicable and can avoid language conflicts. Language conflicts occur when there is no common language of communication or in other words when there are people speaking different languages and not everyone is aware of each others language. My friends family is very secular it consists of Hindus, Muslims and Portuguese. There are about three different spoken languages. To avoid any language conflicts they use a common language such as English so that everyone can understand each other. There are some people who get affected by difference in English; they are usually students from other countries studying in American Schools. These students often struggle with grades in English in American Schools, which is due to different Englishes. Amy Tan talks about how she struggled with grades in English and got by easily in Math and Science. This is true in the case of Asians as they have natural inclination towards technical subjects. The worlds leading Electronic and IT companies are loaded with Asians due to their natural ability. Asians in American Schools are usually steered away from writing towards Math and Science, which is why there arent many Asians Americans representing American literature. Amy Tan was a victim of such steering towards math and science. Amy Tan was told by her former boss that English writing was not her best skill and she should hone her talents towards account management. But she took all of the disproving assumptions that people made of her in a rebellious way and she over came it and succeeded. Its very annoying when people judge you by your background. As in the case of Amy Tan having Chinese background she was steered towards math and science in spite of her liking towards English writing. My following story is similar in a sense that I was also judged by my background rather than my capabilities. I had just moved from India to Canada and was hit with some irrelevant judgments that people made of me due to my background. The first impression that I got from Canadians was that they werent aware that Indians were able to converse in fluent English as they can. I saw that people were trying to talk to me in a way that I would understand them as if I didnt know English. I immediately informed them I can very well converse in the same English that they speak. I was shocked due to peoples lack of knowledge about third world countries. Its just said that English is our second language, but as a matter of fact English was taught to us before than our own language. Although we lea rned our own language since birth, but we really started reading and writing our own language from grade 3. Whereas we started reading and writing English from Kindergarten level. My classmates in Canada used to ask me whether we do Computer Programming in our own language since English is not our first language to which I replied; Absolutely not, we use the same English as you do, it might be a little different the way we use it but its the same language. I was truly amazed by the lack of awareness that people have about countries where the first language is not English. I had to prove a point that people can be well acquainted with English even if their first language is not English. Like Amy Tan I didnt exactly have any kind of shame in my story, as she feels a sense of shame and pride in her story. She feels shame because of her mothers broken English and pride as its because of her she is a renowned writer; its because of her she became rebellious in her life, wanting to accomplish something, prove something! And she succeeded in her life she achieved what she wanted to achieve. Although, I did have some pride in my story as I managed to change lot of peoples opinion and made good friends for life and had one of the greatest time of my life in Canada. I would conclude by saying that although English is diversified around the world due to language attitudes, difference in accent, background, Englishes or even unawareness to some extent, Its still the most communicable or reachable language in the world. I feel English is more or less like cooking; the taste of the same food differs from region to region and every region adds its own flavor to it.

Narrowing Down of Gender Biased Disparities in US Federal and Civil services Essay Example for Free

Narrowing Down of Gender Biased Disparities in US Federal and Civil services Essay Narrowing Down of Gender Biased Disparities in US Federal and Civil Services The early 1970s witnessed a male dominant workforce in all departments of civil and federal services in the United States. Authoritative positions were held mainly by men. ‘Sex Based Glass Ceilings in the US State Level Bureaucracies 1987-1997’ written by Margaret Reed et al. (2004) has relevant data from the US Government offices. The authors analyzed the data and concluded that this gap has narrowed down significantly with women breaking the impediments in the glass ceilings prevalent in administrative positions. According to him, the glass ceiling is not that pervasive in distributive and regulatory agencies but very less pervasive in the services of redistributive agency which will be discussed later in this paper. Mani (2004) in his ‘Women in the Federal Civil Service’, analyses more about the influence of veterans preference to see if it stands as an impediment to women’s career in the federal civil services. Lewis and Oh (2008) exclusively discuss about the male-female pay differences in their paper ‘A Major Difference? ’ They deal effectively with pay disparities. For this, they makes an in depth study of different major subjects in colleges that brings a change in salary and administrative positions. He uses samples of different races, whites and blacks, and Hispanics in his analysis and proves that there is no disparity among races in terms of salary or status. All the three papers propose a common positive trend in women’s education level, salary, status, higher positions in civil and federal workforce. Each paper is exclusive in describing a unique sub-topic with significance and data analysis. Women are close to men in almost all departments thereby bridging the gender gap between 1990 and 2000. All the three papers with data show the disparities and gender differences between 1970 and 1990 that gradually reduced and the percentage variation is insignificant in the year 2000. Reed et al. ’s (2004) paper can be considered as a main discussion of the topic where he touches upon women’s employment, pay disparities and impediments to glass ceilings. Reed (2004) brings about the discussion on glass ceiling and glass wall that existed in three different agencies. The other two papers: ‘A Major Difference? ’ and ‘Women in the Federal Civil Service’ can be considered as a supportive or additional research without much contradictory opinions though each paper touches upon distinctive subtopics distinctively. The data analysis in all the three papers almost arrive at the same percentage of variation between men and women in salary, education in civil and federal workforce. All the three essays borrowed data from government offices like U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEOC national (data set for Sex Based Glass Ceilings in the US State Level Bureaucracies 1987-1997’), US Office of Personnel Management (data set for ‘ Major Difference’) and US Office of Personnel Management (data set for ‘Women in the Federal Services’) This data is useful in performing analysis of employees by job category, functional policy areas, salary levels, sex, number of male-female veterans, and male-female non-veterans. This data is not available in the open. It has been provided to the authors on request by the respective universities. This data helps to conduct Significance Test, Logistic Regression tests, Chi-square test and t test to come up with statistical evidence supporting their statements. Reed et al. (2004) use this data to arrive at ceiling ratios while discussing about pay disparities between male and female. When we discuss about gender disparities, or women’s impediments to acquire managerial positions, a common opinion is cited as a drawback in women: they are lack of commitment to affirmative action, lack of developmental assignments, gender biased organization cultures and stereotypes, outright discrimination, assuming leadership roles and welfare composition (Reed et al. 2004). Mani (2004) is also of the same view when he discusses about the reason for gender wage gap. According to him, sex discrimination in hiring and promotions, shortcomings in public policies and social changes played a major role between 1970 and 1990. While discussing pay disparities and acquiring higher positions that remain in disfavor of women, we need to consider that women were in the habit of selecting arts and social subjects in colleges that relatively fetched lower salary and lower administrative positions compared to men who were in the habit of selecting computer science, business and other professional studies. The second factor is that women are mostly connected with familial tie-ups and involved in childbearing, preferring to travel less, etc. automatically kept them away from competing with men for parity in pay or the highest positions in administrative levels. In 1990s, the above-said factors did not stand in the way of women to keep them away from competition. Many women started choosing professional colleges and decided to work in areas where men alone where dominant. Education played a major role in bridging the gap between men and women in pay disparities and higher positions in administrative levels. However, reaching top most authoritative levels was decided on various other factors that led to the disappointment of women. The percentage of gap un-bridged can be considered as due to the shortcomings in public policies and social changes as suggested by Mani (2004). Lewis and Oh (2008) in his exclusive study on pay differences, also attributes the unexplainable gaps in pay disparities to sexual discrimination and difference in government treatment of apparently compatible men and women. All three studies agree that this kind of partial treatment to women has reduced significantly and women are well placed in terms of education, pay, and administrative positions in the late 1990s. The percentage of development in every decade from 1970 is shown through analysis of data. Mani (2004) analyzes the influence of veterans in the civil life to see if it stands as an impediment to women’s opportunity of becoming a top level managers. Earlier in 1970s and 1980s there was considerable reason to believe that veterans had the advantage in federal civil service over non-veterans. The case started reversing in the 1990s with non- veterans getting more salaries and more job advantages. This is because, the women came stronger in studies in all departments. The growing number of women in public and their demands were heeded and respected by the government. The impediments came to a halt with the implementation of Equal Pay Act. Besides, George Bush signed Civil Rights acts of 1991 which allowed women to challenge unfavorable decisions in the bureaucracy and in the courts. Mani (2004) has ultimately concluded his views on veterans and their changing state is in the civil society with time. He proves with the empirical data that veterans no longer remain as an impediment for women in obtaining success in the civil and federal positions. Reed (2004) raises the question of women and their under representation as institutionalized democratic practices when it comes to high level positions. He used two models (i) socio-psychological model that emphasizes the importance of organizational culture that exclude women, and (ii) the systemic model that focuses on the distribution of power and opportunities available to women. Unlike Lewis and Oh (2008), and Mani et al. (2004), Reed (2004) gets into details of three different agencies and the opportunities and positions held by women in them. Regulatory agencies such as police are considered to be a male dominant workforces. Obviously, the presence of glass ceilings is more visible here. The redistributive agency includes management of public welfare programs, rehabilitation, public health services etc that involve more service related jobs where women are appointed traditionally at various levels. The glass ceilings are less pervasive in top administrative positions in redistributive agency. These disparities stated by Reed (2004) are narrowed down in 1990s. Distributive agencies involve construction, repair and administration of bridges, community development, etc in which men use to be dominant. The authors clearly observe the presence of glass wall and an impervious glass ceiling to get into top level management positions. Lewis and Oh (2008) do not segregate in detail, the three agencies via regulatory, distributive and redistributive agencies and so failed to categorize women where their representation, for example departments like police protection, fire, dept, etc was minimum. Without these information, one does not get to know that women are doing fairly well to reach management positions in redistributive agencies. From all the three papers, we understand that there is an increase in percentage of women in all positions of workforce. The empirical data suggests that the percentage increase is gradual from 1970 through the years and in 1995, women were earning about 89% of salary compared to men. Women too started obtaining higher degrees from colleges. Their presence was seen in many upper management positions. However women have not advanced into the highest and most prestigious positions in organizations. According to Reed (2004), the government is becoming creative in implementing strategies to reduce the gender gap but these efforts are not uniformly distributed in all the states. Many women, about 3 million, as teachers, are not included in the data considered for analysis. This is a significant population that chose teaching profession for convenience and so the percentage of variation in disparities between men and women could have been improved if this work force is distributed in other civilian jobs. The proportion of women in various jobs determines various other factors. Mani (2004) has disclosed the veterans and their status in the civil services after the post Vietnam war. His paper helps to understand how the early veterans without much education levels happened to claim up the ladder in civilian positions. We also come know of the rigorous training the veterans possessed to meet the requirements once they come out to the civil life. However, at a later stage, the non-veterans had the advantage over veterans by virtue of their higher education, experience in civil environment and the change of law that preferred veterans in selection procedures. The transition is shown with the help of data available from the U. S. Office of Personal Management Central Personal Data File (OPM CPDF). Comparison among male veterans, male non-veterans, female veterans, female non-veterans with and without considering sex aspect give a clear picture of preferences and impediments over the decades. The scenario in 1995 shows that the disparities among all the four groups have been settled in such a way that one group does not hinder the prospect of the other group while competing for civilian jobs and in promotions. There was a significant difference in salary between men and women after all the analysis conducted by Mani (2004). Like in other papers, Mani (2004) too agrees with sex discrimination, the shortcomings in the public policies and social changes that impact women’s career. But his opinion is slightly different compared to the other two: after 1998, there was still occupational segregation and salary disparities between men and women. The other two papers showed that much of the gender gap is narrowed down around 1999, whereas Mani (2004) still shows differences that requires rectification from the government side. All the three papers with data and analysis reveal the changes in social and cultural changes through the history of United States. All the three papers used more or less the similar data borrowed from the government departments. This can be considered as a major drawback in the results obtained. If each paper used a different data from different sources to conduct statistical analysis, it would have been more appealing. All the three papers do not consider or omit a few factors evenly while doing the analysis. For example, the 3 million teachers (Reed, 2004) avoided in one paper is a wise decision which is not found in the case of other two papers. All the three papers are trying to arrive at showing the percentage of gap narrowing down in disparities between male and female without considering similar factors in the analysis. This cannot be taken strongly for absolute results. However, the data from the government sources and its utilization in analyzing the subject to provide with statistics at various levels certainly convince the readers that there is improvement in lessening of glass walls and ceilings, equality in pay and acquiring top level management positions in the civil and federal workforce. References Lewis, B. Oh, S. S. , (2008). A Major Difference? Fields of Study and Male–Female Pay Differences in Federal Employment. Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta. Mani, B. G. (2004). Women in the Federal Civil Service: Career Advancement, Veterans’ Preference, and Education. Reid, M. (2004). Sex-based Glass Ceilings in US State-Level Bureacracies, 1987-1991. Administration and Society.

Economic Impacts of Smuggling in Pakistan

Economic Impacts of Smuggling in Pakistan Smuggling basically refers to the transfer of goods illegally from one place to another. It is an activity which consists of the importation or exportation of goods or living beings by wrong or unlawful means with the objective of evading taxes. It is illegal methods of conducting business and is done secretly. The principle causes of smuggling are greed for wealth ignorance and lack of nationalism or patriotism. X-ray of an abdomen piled up with cocaine       The objective of this report is to look at the economic impacts of smuggling in Pakistan. There are various motivations to smuggle in this country. These include the participation in illegal activities, such as, drug trade, illegal weapons trade, exotic wildlife trade, illegal immigration or illegal emigration, tax evasion, providing contraband to a prison inmate, or the theft of the items being smuggled. The main objectives are: What are the national trends on trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants in Pakistan? What are the main smuggling routes? What is the impact of Pakistans economic issues on trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants? The scope of the research is how can we get awareness about these types of illegal trade of goods in Pakistan, identify key dynamics and provide policy and program recommendations for that. However it is difficult to determine due to lack of reliable data but we can try our level best through discussing about these types of illegal economy of Pakistan and offer long-term solutions that how can we safe our economy from these illegal trade of goods to support Pakistan. This report attempts to map out the proceeds from: Drugs and Precursors trafficking Kidnapping from ransom Trafficking of arms Human trafficking Migrant Smuggling These crimes are based on their contribution towards global, rational, regional risks. This study focus upon government policies towards illegal economy through group discussion. In past Pakistan faced difficulties because of smuggling. Smuggling demolished our economy so many times in multidimensional way. It undermines the local industries and decreases the volume of earnings and revenue which is collected from duties and service sectors. The volume of informal economy is raised up to 50 to 60% of the formal economy. Revenue loss on account of smuggling as estimated by the World Bank, amounted to US 35$ billion during nine years (2000-2009). Pak-Afghan border is the main problem. People living in Chaman didnt need visas to cross the border. They run the business on both sides as well as marriages. Goods up to 5 to 6 billion dollars were smuggled from Afghanistan to Pakistan through trade route especially dry fruits. Afghanistan also imports goods illegally from Pakistan such as milk, juices and other machinery items etc. Many of Pakhtoons have relatives on both sides. Afghans went to Pakistan for medical checkup, family functions and for business etc.But suddenly the travelling between two countries stopped. Pakistan has announced that for security reasons only Afghans with proper documents will be allowed to cross the border. Up to 25000 people use to cross border every day. One day 1 of the new policy thousands of people were facing problem in travelling from Afghanistan to Pakistan. Pushtoons with families across the border are worry about this situation. Afghan transit trade becomes a biggest source of smuggling. On the period of 2008-2010 the revenue loss is about 2.5 to 3 billion which are estimated annually during this period. The money which is collected illegally by some politicians, businessmen and terrorist are transferred to Swiss Bank. Up to $200 billion has transferred to Swiss Bank. Up to $40 billion alone black money lying in Swiss Bank of the year 2008-2009.On the other hand economy of Pakistan is increasing at the alarming rate of 20% per annum. Pakistanis entered the UK illegally and still continue for earning money. Around 430,000 Pakistanis live in UK. Due to the illegal migration, many Pakistanis were imprisoned in foreign jails. Beside these issues, there was an issue about tobacco control in Pakistan. Taxes on tobacco were increased due to which prices of cigarette were increased by 10%. Therefore, the demand for cigarette has reduced by 11.7%. The volume of smuggling is 18 billion Pakistani Rupees in cigarette and other tobacco products. Similarly, 22 billion Pakistani Rupees in petroleum product, 25 billion in automotive parts and 200 billion Pakistani Rupees in other commodities like cosmetics, cloth, medicines etc. People of Pakistan were using petroleum products smuggled from Iran because it is cheaper than that of Pakistan. The petroleum products up to 2 billion were smuggled from Iran to Pakistan. This situation is getting worse day by day. According to a survey in 2013, the smuggling in electronics has increased drastically. Each day thousands of cellphones and laptops are being shipped or imported in Pakistan alone in electronic markets illegally. Another research in this regard revealed that smuggler crosses Wahga border which has been opened by the president regime which would result in a huge chunk of Indian goods destined for Afghanistan would ultimately land in our domestic market which would destroy the national economy. They uses Pak-Iran border and Pak-Afghan border along with the coastal areas of Baluchistan to smuggle these goods to various parts of the country. This situation is very serious for the economy of Pakistan as these factors have great impact on any economy. The economic growth of Pakistan is already declining; one of the main factors is illegal trading or smuggling. The taxes which are imposed to all the imports are increasing therefore; the smuggling of commodities is at high right now. A local good is twice the price of the same good that has been smuggled. Or if its of same price, then the illegally transferred good is more reliable or more durable. All because of these factors the demand of these smuggled products are also very high. A middle class citizen who cant afford expensive stuff or goods can now buy just about anything because the price of smuggled stuff is half of what its actually worth. Government of Pakistan has introduced policies, rules and regulations to avoid these illegal trades. They have now put extra measures and security to afghan-Pakistan borders where smuggling is mostly done from. Also different check-up points have been made after few miles in highways to check the vehicles in order to avoid terrorism and smuggling in Pakistan. So, Government is taking steps to reduce these illegal trades but their efforts as of now are still in vain. Smuggling is a very serious matter in the entire world but unfortunately its condition in Pakistan is worse than the most of the countries in the word. Most of the smuggling goods in and out Afghanistan are through Pakistan. The Wagha Border is the main route of transportation of these illegal activities. To make the situation even worse, unfortunately out of 30 routes only 6 of these routes are under control of customs department of borders in Pakistan. The legal goods smuggled through Pakistan in different destinations are worth 2.8 Billion Dollars per year alone. In fact according to the latest reports Pakistan is losing 2.62 Billion worth of revenue per year by the smuggling of just 11 goods. The revenue is lost in the form of duties and taxes on smuggled goods that could be far higher than $2.63 billion or Rs276 billion, if the scope of the study is widened or spread to all the smuggled goods. The report took into account the impact of smuggling mobile phones, tea, vehicles, diesel, tires, auto parts, steel sheets, cigarettes, flat screens, plastics, and garments; on revenues, industrial production, investment and employment. In order to reduce the rate of smuggling government has to take some serious steps as it has a very bad impact in our economy. As a developing country, having smuggling rate as high as in Pakistan means bad news for the future. The goods that our country supply in its market is worth way more than the smuggled goods available in black markets. Even the concept of the black market has been fading in Pakistan because one can find smuggled almost anywhere in Pakistan. Steps must be taken to reduce this problem. All the NATO vehicles transporting commodities should be checked and approved by the Pakistani concerned authorities, also other vehicles carrying commodities in and out of Pakistan. Pakistani Borders should also be equipped with latest tech to detect any weapons or other illegal items that could be detected. In this report all the factors regarding smuggling shall be briefly discussed. On the very first section, forms of smuggling and there cautions will defined and apart from that its impacts on the economy of Pakistan shall also be discussed. From the given statistics of the past summaries of smuggling in Pakistan the future outcome and rate can be determined. Analyzing deportation patterns can be the only means of estimating volume of trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants. TABLE: GRAPH 1: This precise data shows that Pakistan has been increasing since 2007 with 16% change over the period of 2007-2013.Between the period of 2007- 2008 and 2010-2013 there is increase in volume while a decline was experienced from 2008-2010.There was highest deportees in 2013 and lowest deportees in 2010. GRAPH 2: Assessing the illegal economy is a challenging task.It is estimated that about USD 13,941 (PKR 15 lakhs = PKR 1,500,000) is charged by agents for destinations in Europe and about USD 13,011.43 14,870.21 (PKR 14 16 lakh) being charged for the United Kingdom. For the East it is estimated that USD 5,576.31 4,646.92 (PKR 5-6 lakhs) is charged for destinations like Malaysia and Indonesia. The minimum illegal ecocomy since 2007 can be estimated to be the following: TABLE: Overall it can be observed that numbers are increasing as these are based on deportation numbers. It has been observed that smuggling of migrants involves groups of participant. Each participant involves in an economic exchange.For Pakistan the total sum of services provided are following: It has been observed by the authorities that if detectors detected smuggled migrants then they punished them for 15 days in jail and a fine of between 200 to 1000 USD (PKR 20000 100000). If the detected smuggled migrant shares no specific information about the agent during the legal process he is able to receive 2 more attempts to take the same route without paying any additional fee to the agent. This practice makes the problem to identify the agents supporting the smuggling of migrants. GRAPH 3: On Human Trafficking the male to female ratio was 68% and 32% in 2007.By 2010 this has shown a minor increase in female share to 41%. This indicates that the number of female agents or traffickers is increasing in the region. In Pakistan, it is not possible to see any national trend on this phenomenon. The arrest rate nevertheless can be seen to be increasing for the most wanted traffickers.

Unions Essay -- essays research papers

WHY HAVE UNIONS WITNESSED A DECLINE IN MEMBERSHIP IN RECENT YEARS? ITRODUCTION WHAT ARE UNIONS? UNIONS ARE INFLUENTIAL AND BROADLY BASED ORGANIZATIONS WHICH REPRESENT IT’S MEMBERS, WHO ARE USUALLY EMPLOYEE’S. THEY HAVE BEEN AROUND FOR A LONG IN AUSTRALIA AND EXPERIENCED MIXED RESPONSES FROM THE GENERAL PUBLIC AS WELL AS EMPLOYER’S. OBJECTIVES OF A UNION: THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF A UNION IS TO PROVIDE OR IMPROVE THE WELL-BEING OF IT’S MEMBER’S. IT WAS FORMED TO COUNER THE SUPERIOR ECONOMIC POWER OF EMPLOYER’S. IT’S MOST IMPORTANT FUNCTION IS TO MAXIMISE WAGES AND SALARIES SUBJECT TO CERTAIN EMPLOYMENT CONSTAINTS AND TO RAISE THE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH WORK IS DONE. WHY DO EMPLOYEE’S JOIN UNONS? AN EMPLOYEE CAN BE MOTIVATED BY INSTUMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS, IDEOLOGICAL BELIEFS OR SIMPLY COMPULSION, BUT THERE SEEMS TO BE 3 MAJOR FACTORS THAT LEAD EMPLOYEES TO BE UNIONIZED: DISSATISFACTION WITH THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE JOB DESIRE TO INFLUENCETHOSE ASPECTS OF THE WORK ENVIRONMENT THROUGH UNION ORIENTATED MEANS BELIEF THAT BENEFITS OF UNIONISM OUTWEIGH EXPECTED COSTS MOST COMMONLY, EMPLOYEE’S JOIN BECAUSE OF THEIR COMMITTMENT TO THE VALUES OR PRINCIPLES OF UNIONISM. (INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS- A CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS, DEERY S., PLOWMAN D., WALSH J. P 7.16) WHY ARE UNIONS WITNESSING DECLINE? THERE ARE MANY POSSIBLE REASONS TO SUGGEST THE DECLINE IN MEMBERSHIP BUT 3 FACTORS STAND OUT: 1.) CHANGING COMPOSITION OF EMPLOYMENT - PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR MOST OF THE EMPLOYMENT GROWTH THAT OCCURED IN THE AUSTRALIAN ECONOMY IN THE 80’S AND 90’S WAS CONFINED TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR WHOSE UNION DENSITY RATE OF 25 % WAS CONSIDERABLY LOWER THAN THAT OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR WHICH WAS 56 %. IT WAS ESTIMATED THAT PUBLIC ENPLOYMENT FELL ALMOST 8 %. - STUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE MIX OF INDUSTRIES, SECTORS AND OCCUPATIONS. A CONTINUING DECLINE IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR TO OTHER SECTORS IN THE INDUSTRY. THE PROLIFERATION OF NON REGULAR FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT, PARTICULARLY CASUAL JOBS AND SELF-EMPLOYMENTAT THE EXPENSE OF TRADITONAL FULL TIME JOBS. BUT UNIONS ARE SEEMED TO BE BLAMED FOR THE LOW LEVEL REPRESENTATION OF CASUALS. UNIONS DO NOT RECRUIT CASUALS AS ASSIDUOUSLY AS FULL TIMERS, BECAUSE UF THE HIGH ORGANIZATIONAL COSTS INVOLVED. - SIZE OF THE FIRMS 70 % OF SMALL WORKPLACES WITH 5-19 EMPLOYEE’S HAD NO UNION MEMBER’S COMPARED WITH ONLY 4 % OF LARGE WOR... ...AND THEREAFTER FROM 1901 UNTIL 1921 WHERE UNION MEMBERSHIP GREW FROM VIRTUALLY 0 TO MORE THAN HALF OF THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE, AND AGAIN A SLUMP UNTIL 1924. AS RESTRUCTURING IS IMPORTANT AND VITAL TO UNION MOVEMENTS, IT IS TIME CONSUMING AND IS A PROCEDURE WHICH HAS TO BE SLOWLY PHASED IN, DUE TO THESE FACTORS IT IS REGARDEDAS LONG TERM AND CANNOT BE CORRECTED OVERNIGHT. TO CONCLUDE, WE HAVE LOOKED AT ALL THE REASONS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DECLINING UNION MEMBERS IN AUSTRALIA. IN SPECULATION IT CAN BE SEEN THAT WHEN THIS DECLINE STARTED, WHAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE DECLINE AND THE EFFECTS SUFFERED BY UNIONS BECAUSE OF THIS DECLINE. BY COMPARING AUSTRALIA’S MEMBERSHIP DECLINE TO THAT OF OTHER COUNTRIES FACED WITH THE SAME PROBLEMS, IT CAN BE SEEN THAT THE FALL OF MEMBERSHIP HAS BEEN MODERATE. AS THIS PAPER OUTLINES, ALL THE VARIOS CAUSES CONTRIBUTING TO THESE PROBLEMS AND THE DIFFERENT SECTORS IN THE INDUSTRY FROM WHICH THESE PROBLEMS ORIGINATE, IT IS SAFE TO SAY THAT UNIONS ARE FACED WITH A DIFFICULT TASK OF RESTRUCTURING, BUT AS IN THE PAST WHERE THERE HAS BEEN DECREASES AND INCREASES IN UNION MEMBERSHIP, TIME WILL SHOW THE UNPREDICTABLE SHIFTS IN UNION MEMBERSHIPS IN AUSTRALIA.

Coral Bleaching Essay -- Geology

Coral Bleaching Abstract Coral reefs have been called the rainforests of the ocean and are one of the most diverse and important ecosystems on the planet. This paper will explore how global warming has effected these fragile ecosystems. It will focus on the impact of increasing ocean temperatures on coral reefs. Coral Reefs Coral reefs exist globally from 30N to 30S latitude and have existed in some form on Earth for over 200 million years. Over 2500 species of coral have been identified 1000 of which are reef building hard coral. Reefs are actually limestone structures produced by small animals called coral polyps. These polyps contain unicellular plants (algae) called zooxanthellae in their tissue. They have a symbiotic relationship which means, "living together." During the day the zooxanthellae rise to the surface of the animal and produce food by photosynthesis. At night the polyp extends a stinging, multitenticled mouth that feeds on any planktonic animals. They both benefit from the waste products of the other. They also work together to capture calcium carbonate from seawater and convert it into the hard limestone structures in which they live. Because corals survive due to this fragile relationship, they are very sensitive and tolerate relatively narrow ranges of water temperature, salinity and transparency. Coral reefs are estimated to cover less than .2% of the ocean floor but contain approximately 25% of the ocean’s species. They provide protection for shorelines, reducing erosion. They also give food, shelter and protection to almost one million marine species and act as a nursery for growing fish. Humans benefit directly from coral reefs. They supply us with food, jobs (through fishing and tourism) a... ...astrous to lose the existing coral reefs of the world. References 1. William Fitt. Bleaching of Symbiotic Algae Available http://zircon.geology.union.edu/Carb/fitt 2. Reef Relief. Reef Relief Available http://www.blacktop.com/coralforest/index.html 3. Knauer Communication. Global Warming is a Problem Available http://www.enviroweb.org/edf/isproblem/isproblem_frameset.html 4. Michael Van Woert. ORAD Available http://140.90.191.231/orad/ 5. Indiana University. Reef Resource Page Available http://www.indiana.edu/~reefpage/. 6. Ingrid Guch. NOAA Available http://www.ara.polytechnique.fr/surface.html 7. PCRF. Planetary Coral Reef Foundation Available http://www.pcrf.org/ 8. The Coral Reef Alliance. Get the Facts on Coral Reefs Available http://www.coral.org/Facts.html

War on Drugs = War on Terrorism??? Essay -- Essays Papers

War on Drugs = War on Terrorism??? The United States’ new claim in today’s world of propaganda and mind-warping media is that The War on Terrorism = The War on Drugs. Recently simple anti-drug slogans have been manipulated into aggressively and often erroneously exaggerated media assaults. (planetpapers.com) The United States claims that each person can help fight terrorism by choosing not to buy or use illicit drugs, and the government itself can help fight terrorism by implementing a more effective War on Drugs throughout the country. They claim that illicit drugs are the major monetary support of terrorist groups throughout the world, which in some respects is correct. Due to this claim, teenagers and drug users across the United States are seen as supporting these terrorists through their purchase and consumption of illicit drugs. The government has now stooped so low as to blame our own children for terrorism. The United States government’s claim, that if a person buys or uses illicit drugs then they are supporting terrorism, is outrageous and utterly false. President Bush claims, "It's so important for Americans to know that the traffic in drugs finances the work of terror, sustaining terrorists, that terrorists use drug profits to fund their cells to commit acts of murder. If you quit drugs, you join the fight against terror in America.† (peacecouncil.net) This is false because many of the illicit drugs being bought and consumed by the citizens of this country are being produced here in the U.S., so the purchase of these drugs cannot possibly be contributing to terrorism. Another reason why this claim is false is that many of the drugs being consumed in the U.S. are imported from count... .... advertisement and other propaganda to try and cover up their failures, and this should not be tolerated by the people of this country. Something needs to change and responsibility needs to be taken up. Bibliography Truth. Drugs and Terrorism. http://www.theantidrugwar.com. Hess, Michael. Mass Media Helps Distort Terrorism / Drugs Link. http://bbsnews.net/bw2002-02-05.html. 02/05/02 Coretnor. A War on Drugs Becomes a â€Å"War on Terrorism†. http://www.planetpapers.com/Assets/4989.php. Sept. 27, 2002 Anonymous Stoner. A toke from the Superbowl. http://smokedot.org/story/2002/2/4/1834/18948. 02/04/02 Bovard, James. The Bush Administration’s â€Å"Drugs = Terrorism† Fraud. http://www.fff.org/comment/com0204f.asp. April 2002 Moeller, Emily. The "War on Drugs and Terrorism": Madison Avenue Enlists. http://www.peacecouncil.net/709MadisonAve.htm

Communication Problems Between Teenagers And Adults Essay

From the beginning of time teenagers and adults have always had conflicts with each other. These conflicts occur most of the time because of the lack of communication between the teenager and the adult. The generation gap between the teenager and the adult can play a role in the problems they have communicating. The superior adult has the instinct that whatever the inferior teenager does can lead to bad things, and lectures the teenager about it. Most of the time teenagers have many other sources of advice they can listen to, and it seems that the adult can become the last resort or not a resort at all. The generation gap, the feeling of being inferior and superior, and the other sources of advice can play a big part in the problems teenagers and adults have communicating. Both parties have an equal role in communicating with each other. But the choice comes down to the two willing to take that particular role. The generation gap between teenagers and adults plays a huge part in why they have problems communicating with each other. The adult who had a very different lifestyle and childhood then that of a teenager may have a different view on life. Things unheard of years ago to the adults can now have rational reasoning through the advance of technology. For a teenager to talk to an adult, on a subject that the adult has no idea on can almost become impossible. Still living in the last decade, adults may not correspond with the thinking of today’s youthful teenagers. The age difference between the teenager and the adult plays a huge role in the game of communicating between the two. The superior adult has always had the impulse to contradict the ideas of the inferior teenager, and lecture the teenager on the teenager’s wrongful ways. The more mature adult thinks that he or she has more knowledge than the younger teenager and sees that the teenager may benefit from the lecture. This gives a feeling of uneasiness in the teenager and makes them very irritable. Many verbal conflicts have aroused after the adult has given his or her point of view in the lecture. The adult often times makes the teenager feel inferior to him or her in the lectures. The teenager feeling inferior, who has a lot on his mind, may not express what he or she really  feels to the adult. This state of feeling inferior and superior between the teenager and adult does not help solve the problems they have communicating. Teenagers talk to so many friends about things they have in common with, it makes talking to an adult like taking to a person on the other side of the planet. Teenagers have so many other options on expressing what they think, that it seems very difficult talking to an adult. The teenager could always first go to a close friend of theirs if they had something on their mind. Teenagers going to adults for help can lead to more problems because the two may not agree on the same thing. This example goes the same way with an adult. If an adult has something on his or her mind and has to express it some way, he or she will go to another adult who would have the same ideas on it. The lack of respect they have for one another can explain the problems they have in communication. Problems and conflicts occur all the time among teenagers and adults. The hurdle of communication can sometimes become the hardest obstacle teenagers and adults have to overcome. The trouble of the two communicating can lead to a very tough relationship or lead to no relationship at all between the two. The two must try to have better communication with one another if they want to improve the relationship between them. The leading responsibility for this problem can have something to do with the generation gap of the two, the feeling of inferior and superior, and the abundant sources of advice. One person cannot fight the communication battle alone. With the help of both sides this war on communication can lead to a victory for both teenagers and adults.

How Information Flows Within an Organization Essay

Information has to travel through unlike types of path meanss in order to be receive and wontd. Think of the pathways of training like the pilgrimage system. Information is loaded into systems by employ input crafts, like keyboards or touchscreens. after(prenominal) the instruction is imputed it is transferred to some type of reposition medium, whether hard disk drive, RAM, or CDs or DVDs. at a time this information is transferred it is past able to be advanceed and employ as long as the correct permissions argon assigned. The storage every last(predicate)ows for early access and the king to re change the information to a nonher device, by using the LAN, WAN, profit or removable devices like gilded drives or external hard drives.The susceptibility to create and use information would non be practicable without the hardware that allows the substance abuser to input the information they want others to take aim or use. It send away go mickle to basic components l ike computers, keyboard, hard drives, and so on However, in conjunction with the hardware at that place has to be package which outputs the data so the user feces read it. formerly the data is read the user can create databases or upload the information to variant locations like a spoil based server. Once again with the ability to do this would non be possible without special types of hardware that allows this. The hardware in reference is NIC post-horses, routers, switches, hub, etc. All of these occasions sack up it possible for information to be hereditary around the dry land. Of course to simply transmit data and information around the world could be a precise aboveboard thing, until you add in the steps inevitable to protect the data.In my current line of reasoning we do not use very much resources to transmit data or evencreate it. However, a high society that we work for uses networks and even special communicating cables to transmit and receive data from di fferent devices within the building we are working. essentially thither are controllers that connect via a two or three theatre director cable and which connects to devices mounted on dividing line handler systems. These devices take in an wondrous amount of complex data and regularly transmit the data to the controller which then relays the information to a computer that is on the mainframes network. This network allows the union the ability to overhear remote access to the controller which allows them to be able to change accredited set in order to make the line of reasoning handlers run more smoothly.Some of the data that is transferred include, outside appearance pres authentic, discharge air temp, return air temp, and there are even safety measures transmitting to come across smooth operation. Once an alarm system is triggered the device sends data to the controller which then relays the alarm to the computer which outputs the reason for the alarm and specifies wh at triggered the alarm. A technician can then go on the computer and adjust whatever determine need adjusting to remove the alarm and preserve proper operation. Without this network of devices and controllers and computers there would be no way for these issues to be single-minded in a timely manner. beholding how allot of the work we do is in Charlottes main healthcare system, by us not being able to stomach quick and painless connectivity many peoples eudaemonia could be at risk.The one thing the company I work for makes sure of is security for their systems and networks. Although the physical network is not part of the companys base it is protected from other people attempt to access it because it is their equipment, cables, controllers, and devices. The hospitals have no access to these systems because one wrong value can be the difference between halt temperatures or summer conditions in the building. The company, Johnson Controls, uses three different programs that hav e to be demonstrate before access is granted. Firstly the technician has to sloping trough their finger over the fingerprint image scanner to access the computer that connects to the controllers. Seems like a correct finger scan would be all thats necessary for accessing the system, however, the IT force decided to add two more layers of security due to the nature of their business.second the technician has to scan their badge into a cardreader type of device that pops up a screen that greets the technician as a Johnson Control employee. Once again not enough security in the minds of Johnson Controls so the final security measure is an encrypted password, that if it is entered falsely starts the whole process over again. aft(prenominal) talking with multiple technicians the consensus is that they cannot stand all the security measure, but they do check the purpose. Perhaps the best measure the company has against potential invasions is that all the equipment they use from pol l to bottom is made by themselves. This ensures that lone(prenominal) their employees are trained and permitted to use the equipment. other(a) people might look at the equipment and be dumbfounded due to the processes and certain protocols in place on how to use the equipment to access any information.Although I soon do not work in an environment that utilizes servers and multiple computers, I do see how information is passed through devices to controllers and in the long run to computers or networks. Even though there is multiple types of information the way it is used and flows follow the same path. Without hardware and software there would be no way to use and transmit the data. As the engineering science continues to change and become more advanced, I am sure the way information is used will change on with it.

Homework on Engineering Ethics Essay

thither are several situations in which a legislation of ethical codes becomes an important development irradiation for conducts in resolving moral dilemmas they get word in the course of their profession. engine room as a profession. A compute of ethics becomes necessary due to the nature and design of engineering as a profession. Different professionals rescue different concepts of responsibility attached to the nature of their work. By job definition, an engineer is a knowledge happy speci eachy trained to design, test, and assess the performance characteristics of technologies at bottom his or her realm of expertise (Pinkus 33).Hence, an engineer containfully not only to be competent in designing engine room but must be able to perform sound risk sound judgment and be adept at identifying the failure characteristics of a given technology. This is because the character of engineering as a profession places ordinary safety above all other goals (Harris, Pritchard, and Rabins 38). Hence, the code of ethics is an important tool for engineers to be reminded that the nature of their profession whitethorn achieve them to go the extra mile to ensure public safety and welfare.Conflict in professionalism and bureaucracy. A code of ethics is also important when engineers face run afoul with regard to professionalism. An ethical code will greatly help in resolving dilemmas that engineers may encounter such as whether or not an engineer should prioritize the welfare of the client first than the usual public when a certain technology or structure becomes a threat to public safety.Engineers may find themselves in situations when clients do not stringently follow his directions and recommendations and cut costs or do that may compromise quality. Such was the case of the distance Shuttle Columbia which was found to be reinforced with low-cost materials because of the lack of federal funding. Schedule issues need to be resolved by the engineer as well and he must evaluate and make decisions on whether the launch of a given technology will have a negative tinct on public safety and welfare (Pinkus 16). incorporate responsibility. Another reason why code of ethic becomes a significant development tool for engineers is the beseech for decisions regarding corporate responsibility. As technology requires the extraction and use of greater quantities of natural resources, corporations now face the responsibility of ensuring that their operations conform strictly to environmental laws (Harris, Pritchard, and Rabins 34). kit and boodle CitedHarris, Charles E., Pritchard, Michael S., and Rabins, Michael J. Engineering Ethics concepts and cases. New York Cengage Learning, 2005.Pinkus, Rosa Lynn B. Engineering ethics balancing cost, schedule, and risk lessons learned from the blank space shuttle. Cambridge, MA Cambridge University Press, 1997.

How does Steinbeck Present Slim from the Extract

slight, on his firstly look, is exposit as base with a stateliness sole(prenominal) achieved by royal line or reach crafts workforce. With this descriptive vocaliseologyology, Steinbeck presently establishes fragile as soul who is convinced(p) in himself that is respect by an oppositewise(prenominal)s. To feed exchange open majesty, it requires atomic number 53 to drive with charming blandness with verboten prob adequate to(p) effort. This is a reality who is comfy in his experience persona. go on with the comparability to royalty, Steinbeck describes trim back as the prince of the scatter. keep down has such(prenominal) an bureau on the facing pages that his condition was golden.If cut down tell that something was to be d i, e re exclusivelyy superstar on the sp file degree went on with it and no unrivalled rebelled against it. This is non beca character the other graphic symbols on the bedspread atomic number 18 shake of him by kinda the accompaniment that he is portray to the Readers as the creation in truth respected. subjugate is the sound for umpire at bottom the novel. This shows that he is advisable and either the other bed covering workers looked up to him as a employment modeling since he is want a fix bring in to all the bedspread men with his look of spea poof of cognizance organism the manner of speaking they sound by.Steinbeck describes his manner as having gloom and a dim so heavy that his pronounce was taken on any subject. thin was non psyche who had to demonstrate his character to be authoritative. His front man utter for itself. tighten serves as an pain sensation to the character of Curley, since he in reality should be the prince of the banquet as the impresss son. The use of this fable implies that deoxidise has a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) loving stead than the other counterpane workers. to boot it is of the essence(predicate) to experien ce that he has t charge himself with the commemorate as nappy no surmise wouldHe is describe as having a hatchet pose which goes along with the pick out of refined. unneurotic the subscribe a line and the explanation of his fountain furnish the reader the aesthesis of psyche who is very lean. on with this, he is set forth as macrocosm in reality universe amid the ages of 35-50 nevertheless adviseed as an double-dyed(a) character. comparablely when smatter of the town just approximately his app earance he is expound with His hands, bragging(a) and lean, were as sensitive in their transaction as those of a tabernacle dancer. In this allegory the give voice grown suggest that they be virile and respectable exclusively the phrase tabernacle dancers implies they ar full and tender.Similarly at the counterbalance of the withdraw his specialness is mentioned truism he is open(a) of private road ten, cardinal and steady 20 mules, which withal expresses his force play and magnificence on the bed covering as he is able to unfold out jobs, which was of vast order during the neat Depression. a nonher(prenominal) secern descriptive phrase for refined is that His ear hear more(prenominal)(prenominal) than was verbalize to him, and his verbose name and address had over timbres not of imagination, but of consciousness beyond thought. . With this descriptive phrase Steinbeck cutely portrays that trim is able to read into pot and what they vocalize.He is not soulfulness who takes things state say at look value. He overly understands that at that place is a pass on more to the story. The give voice beyond suggests that he is wise which again depicts the connotations of lithe universe exchangeable god and king of the ranch. This also is what leads to lithes vocalize organism religious doctrine on the ranch. Everyone knows that he gives everything a average hearing. slenderize renders a finale much wish a judge would do. This links to slenderise natures as settle ar well-respected ad august as is he.Right away when subjugate began to talk to George virtually functional on the ranch, he apply a distinction which was prosperous, encourage trustingness without demanding. It is this booster unitly tone that allows George to enlarge a similar familiarity with subdue and allows him later(prenominal) to break in Slim about Lennie. Steinbeck portrays that scorn beingness thought higher by everyone he doesnt allow this get to his head since he has a lot of everyday decency. eyepatch Slim is sure enough modelled as a friend and upstanding character, as one undersurface see from this plagiarize he is one of the characters who plays a diametrical manipulation in the temporary hookup in Of Mice and Men.

Learning Preferences Essay

puff your strongest balance on the reputation spectrum. My strongest proportion on the personality spectrum was kinaesthetic. I cipher that the results of this shield surpass describes the musical mode that I maintain scoop. kinesthetic acquisition appearance refers to a charge of getting companionship in which the savant utilizes mavin of relocation to actualise culture close to the human race. This information agency is sometimes referred to as kinesthetic-tactual. kinesthetic finders range to wakeful interests in activities that aver strictly on audition and viewing. kinesthetic accepters practise stovepipe in activities that constitute carnal natural process. I sound off that I chink stovepipe by utilise my manpower, because when I quite a little do hands on activities I pull off up rattling well up. When I keister take on things by doing them I overly track down to hold open the achievement easier. drag how severally tr affic pattern activity strengthened or contradicted something just about yourself. The results of give rise matchless tangible reinforced my encyclopedism optence. The results were ocular 30 audile 28 kinesthetic 34 and tactile 28. The results hint that I learn best use the kinesthetic reading cullence. This work out also indicated that I learn well utilize the visual eruditeness preference. In put triple I conditi aced I prefer to use the to a greater extent plagiarize salute and make connections to what is organism taught using supposed(a) situations alternatively than real world situations. withal I would prefer to have a to a greater extent haphazard sprint of instruct than the bi elongate vogue. The linear style of doctrine most presumable as well as oftentimes of one peck scholarship preferences and is not a innovation of incompatible styles complicated together.